Sidaa darteed oo ah kuwa ugu horreya ee ka mid ah madaalinta qalabka ugu horreeya ee leh arrimaha si 1998, waxaan u muuqdaa degmada eegeedka noo leh karaa, ijaad iyo abaalmarinta in la xaliyo, isticmaalka arrimaha ugu horreya ee soo saarista si loo helo qalabka ugu horreeya ee dhaqso leh ee la helaa degmada dhalinyarada caalamiga ah. Sidaa darteed oo ah masaalinta ugu horreeya ee Luoyang ee leh qalabka dhalinta dhaqanka iyo in la dhammaayo farriintii eegeedka ee labada gudaha, waxaan u sameynaa isla'egta sare ee qalabka ugu horreeya ee loo qabto inay ugu jawaabto: karaa dhaqso leh, taageer dhaqso leh, iyo suulid la xiriira. Qalabkaaga eegeedka eegeedka eegeedka waxay ka kooban tahay in la sameyo qalabka oo ay ka kooban yihiin fulka hooseysa—qoraalkayaga ugu horreeya, oo loo amray in la sameyo fulka hooseysa ee ammaanka, qalabka fulka hooseysa ee ammaanka, iyo qalabka kale ee fulka hooseysa ee dhalinta dhaqanka—oo isticmaalka xawaaridda ugu horreeya ee soo saarista oo leh maashinkii qarxaha fulka hooseysa ee dhaqso leh, alaabta weldiga oo leh ijaad, iyo nidaamka ugu horreeya ee karaa ee garan kara in kulliq qalabka ugu horreeya ay leeyihiin isla'egta sare ee khaasida dhaqso leh, falka eegeedka, iyo karaa dhaqso leh ee jidhka. Maxaa jecelaysa noo ka mid ah qalabka ugu horreeya ee kale, waxaa jecelaysa noo leh in la tixgelido: kooaddaaga eegeedka ee xalliyaha waxay la xidhaan oo la isku dayaa in la sameyo qalabka ugu horreeya oo la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidhaan in la xidha......